Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

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trading of goods and services

Толкование Перевод

1 trading of goods and services

Общая лексика: торговля товарами и услугами

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > trading of goods and services
2 торговля товарами и услугами

General subject: trading of goods and services

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > торговля товарами и услугами
3 export

1. сущ.
1) межд. эк. экспорт, вывоз, экспортирование (вывоз за границу товаров для продажи на внешних рынках и оказание услуг нерезидентам как за рубежом, так и на территории родной страны предоставляющей услуги компании)

ATTRIBUTES:

heavy export — значительный экспорт

COMBS:

grain export — экспорт зерна

food export — экспорт продовольствия

manufacturing export — экспорт промышленных товаров

military export — военный экспорт, экспорт военных товаров

export of technology — экспорт технологии

export from Japan — экспорт [вывоз\] из Японии

export to the US — экспорт в США

export articles, articles of export — статьи [предметы\] экспорта [вывоза\]

volume of export(s) — объем экспорта (обычно о натуральных единицах: тоннах и т. п.)

value of export(s) — стоимость экспорта

export date — дата экспорта

to be engaged in export — заниматься экспортом

Ant:

exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus

See:

capital export, direct export, export of counterrevolution, export of jobs, export of revolution, export of unemployment, indirect export, invisible export 1), merchandise export 1), service export, temporary export, visible export 1) certificate for export, country of export, propensity to export COMBS: Automated Export Reporting Program, debt-for-export swap, debt service-to-exports ratio, debt-to-export ratio, export-biased growth, Export Administration Regulations, Export Assistance Center, Export Enhancement Program, Export-Import Bank, export/import business, export-import company, export-import trade, Export Information System, export-led growth, Export Legal Assistance Network, export management company, export-oriented industrialization, export participation rate, export performance requirement, gold export point, import-export company, import-export trade, Targeted Export Assistance Program, Bank Export Services Act, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1) Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1. 1)

2) межд. эк., преим. мн. статья [предмет\] экспорта [вывоза\] ( экспортируемый товар или услуга)

Sugar and copra are the chief exports. — Сахар и копра являются главными статьями экспорта.

Ant:

exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus

See:

domestic exports, foreign exports, demand for exports, duty on exports, supply of exports, reexport 1. 2)

3) мн., межд. эк., стат. объем [стоимость, сумма\] экспорта (стоимость или количество экспортированных товаров; также название разделов в статистической или финансовой отчетности, в которых отражается информация о величине экспорта за период)

Balance of trade is the difference between a country’s total imports and exports. — Сальдо торгового баланса определяется как разница между общей суммой импорта и экспорта.

Ant:

exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus

See:

exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus

4) комп. экспорт, экспортирование (перенос текстовой информации, графических объектов и т. п. из данного файла или программного приложения в другой файл/приложение)

Ant:

exports of goods, exports of goods and services, exports of services, general exports, invisible export 2), merchandise export 2), net export, special exports, unrequited exports, visible export 2) COMBS: external debt/exports, balance of trade, balance of payments, trade deficit, trade surplus, merchandise deficit, merchandise surplus, services deficit, services surplus
2. гл.
1) межд. эк. вывозить, экспортировать ( продавать товары за границу)

to export goods — экспортировать товары

to export from China to United States — экспортировать из Китая в США

The company exports mainly to the US, Japan, Canada and Asia. — Компания экспортирует преимущественно в США, Японию, Канаду и Азию.

Ant:

exportation 2)

See:

exportable, exportation 1), exporter, exporting, non-exportable, reexport 2. 1) deport 2.

2) комп. экспортировать (переносить информацию из данного файла или программного приложения в другой файл/приложение)

to export into PDF — экспортировать в формат PDF

Ant:

exportation 2)

See:

exportation 2)
3. прил.
межд. эк. экспортный, вывозной ( относящийся к экспорту)

export commodities — экспортные товары

export policy — экспортная политика, политика в области экспорта

export market — экспортный рынок

export metallurgical market — экспортный металлургический рынок

Ant:

Automated Export System, District Export Council, export advertising, export agent, export bias, export bill of lading, export bonus, export bounty, export broker, export business, export capacity, export cartel, export clearance, export competition, export concentration, export contract, export control, export credit, export crediting, export declaration, export demand, export department, export disincentives, export distributor, export documents, export duty, export earnings, export elasticity, export entry, export factoring, export finance, export financing, export gold point, export house, export incentives, export industry, export insurance, export invoice, export leasing, export letter of credit, export licence, export licensing, export limitation, export manager, export market, export marketing, export merchant, export multiplier, export permit, export pessimism, export platform, export potential, export price, export prices, export pricing, Export Processing Zone, export producer, export products, export promotion, export propensity, export quota, export rate, export refunds, export regulation, export restitution, export restraints, export restrictions, Export Revolving Line of Credit, export risk, export sales, export specialization, export specie point, export statistics, export subsidization, export subsidy, export supply, export surplus, export tariff, export tax, export trade, export trading company, export transaction, export turnover, Export Yellow Pages

See:

Automated Export System, District Export Council, export advertising, export agent, export bias, export bill of lading, export bonus, export bounty, export broker, export business, export capacity, export cartel, export clearance, export competition, export concentration, export contract, export control, export credit, export crediting, export declaration, export demand, export department, export disincentives, export distributor, export documents, export duty, export earnings, export elasticity, export entry, export factoring, export finance, export financing, export gold point, export house, export incentives, export industry, export insurance, export invoice, export leasing, export letter of credit, export licence, export licensing, export limitation, export manager, export market, export marketing, export merchant, export multiplier, export permit, export pessimism, export platform, export potential, export price, export prices, export pricing, Export Processing Zone, export producer, export products, export promotion, export propensity, export quota, export rate, export refunds, export regulation, export restitution, export restraints, export restrictions, Export Revolving Line of Credit, export risk, export sales, export specialization, export specie point, export statistics, export subsidization, export subsidy, export supply, export surplus, export tariff, export tax, export trade, export trading company, export transaction, export turnover, Export Yellow Pages

* * *
экспорт: вывоз (продажа) товаров и услуг за границу, в отличие от операций с национальными покупателями.
* * *

экспорт
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Коммерческая деятельность

экспорт

вывоз товаров, капиталов или услуг за границу для реализации на внешних рынках

Англо-русский экономический словарь > export
4 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
5 compra

f.

purchase.

por la compra de una enciclopedia te regalan un televisor if you buy an encyclopedia, they'll give you a television free

esta impresora fue una excelente compra this printer was a really good buy

algunos supermercados te llevan la compra a casa some supermarkets deliver your shopping to your home

hacer la compra to do the shopping (peninsular SpanishAm)

hacer las compras to do the shopping (peninsular SpanishAm)

ir de compras to go shopping

compra al contado cash purchase

compra en cuotas hire purchase (AmBr), installment plan (United States)

compra a plazos hire purchase (British), installment plan (United States)

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: comprar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: comprar.

* * *

compra

► nombre femenino

1 purchase, buy

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

hacer la compra to do the shopping, go shopping

ir a la compra to go shopping

ir de compras to go shopping

compra a crédito credit purchase

compra a plazos hire purchase, US instalment buying

compra al contado cash purchase

* * *

noun f.

purchase, buying

* * *

SF

1) (=proceso) purchase, purchasing, buying

hacer la compra — to do the shopping

tengo que ir a la compra — I've got to do the shopping, I've got to go shopping

ir de compras — to go shopping

prueba de compra — proof of purchase

ticket de compra — receipt

compra a crédito — buying on credit

compra a granel — (Com) bulk buying

compra al contado — cash purchase

compra a plazos — hire purchase, installment plan (EEUU)

compra por catálogo — mail order

compra proteccionista — (Com) support buying

compra y venta — buying and selling

2) (=artículo) purchase

es una buena compra — it's a good buy

* * *

femenino

a) ( acción)

están muy ocupados con la compra de la casa — they're very busy with buying the house o (frml) with the house purchase

ir de compras — to go shopping

hicimos algunas compras — we did some shopping

hacer las compras or (Esp) la compra — to do the shopping o (colloq) shop

jefe de compras — chief buyer

un obsequio con la compra de dos artículos — purchase two items and get a free gift

b) ( cosa comprada) buy, purchase (frml)

fue una buena/mala compra — it was a good/bad buy

* * *

= acquisition, procurement, purchase, purchasing, shopping, buy-out, buying, shopping order, buy-in, propertisation [propertization, -USA].

Ex. Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.

Ex. In 1983 the EC funded contracts which entailed the procurement of goods and services amounting to 400 million pounds.

Ex. These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex. Research libraries use them to fill in titles that may have been missed in the initial round of purchasing.

Ex. CACs have dealt with pre- shopping advice, education on consumers' rights and complaints about goods and services, advising the client and often obtaining expert assessments.

Ex. The book and serial industry has recently witnessed several takeovers, buy-outs, and mergers.

Ex. The library has a centre for buying, cataloguing and storing microform, audio-visual media and other non-book material.

Ex. This would herald the age of computer commuting, with customers dialling for bank statements and shopping orders.

Ex. The seminar will deal with the processes of developing and ensuring corporate buy-in to a digital preservation policy.

Ex. Of course, the open source zealots are still likely to be up in arms about what they perceive to be propertisation of communal intellectual resources.

----

* adquisición por compra o intercambio = non-gratuitous acquisition.

* agente inteligente de compras = shopping agent.

* anuncio de compra-venta = classified advertisement.

* anuncio de compra-venta = classified ad.

* asesoramiento antes de la compra = pre-shopping advice.

* bolsa de la compra = shopping bag, grocery bag, carrier bag.

* bolsa para la compra = shopping bag, carrier bag.

* buena compra = good buy.

* carrito de la compra = shopping trolley, shopping cart.

* carro de la compra = shopping cart, shopping trolley.

* catálogo comercial de compra por correo = mail order catalogue.

* cesta de la compra = food bill, shopping basket, food basket.

* cesta de la compra, la = cost of living index.

* compañía de compra por alquiler = hire-purchase company.

* compra a plazos apartando el producto = layaway, lay-by.

* compra compulsiva = impulse shopping.

* compra de acciones = shareholding.

* compra de libros = book buying [book-buying], book supply, book purchasing.

* compra desaforada = shopping spree.

* compra desde casa = armchair shopping.

* compra de una compañía por otra = corporate takeover.

* compra en línea = online shopping.

* compra impulsiva = impulse buy.

* compra por correo = mail-order.

* compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.

* compra-venta de coches = auto dealer.

* comprobante de compra = proof of purchase.

* derecho preferente de compra = preemption [pre-emption].

* descuento por compra al por mayor = bulk deal, bulk rate, bulk rate discount.

* día de compras = shopping trip.

* fiebre de las compras = shopping fever.

* garantía de compra = proof of purchase.

* hábito de compra = shopping habit, buying habit, purchasing habit, consumption habit.

* hacer compras = do + shopping.

* hacer una compra = make + a purchase.

* ir de compras = go + shopping.

* lista de compra = shopping list.

* mejor compra = best buy.

* oferta de compra de una compañía por otra = takeover bid.

* opción de compra = buying option, purchasing option.

* opción de compra de acciones = stock option.

* orden de compra = purchase order.

* plan de compra = purchase plan.

* política de compras = purchasing policy.

* precio de compra = purchase price.

* precio especial por compra al por mayor = bulk deal.

* préstamo para compra de coche = car loan.

* presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].

* presupuesto para la compra de material = materials budget.

* prueba de compra = proof of purchase.

* sección de compras = acquisitions department, order department.

* servicio de compra por televisión = teleshopping service.

* servicio de compras = acquisition(s) service.

* tienda de compras por Internet = online store.

* viaje de compras = shopping trip.

* * *

femenino

a) ( acción)

están muy ocupados con la compra de la casa — they're very busy with buying the house o (frml) with the house purchase

ir de compras — to go shopping

hicimos algunas compras — we did some shopping

hacer las compras or (Esp) la compra — to do the shopping o (colloq) shop

jefe de compras — chief buyer

un obsequio con la compra de dos artículos — purchase two items and get a free gift

b) ( cosa comprada) buy, purchase (frml)

fue una buena/mala compra — it was a good/bad buy

* * *

= acquisition, procurement, purchase, purchasing, shopping, buy-out, buying, shopping order, buy-in, propertisation [propertization, -USA].

Ex: Mergers and acquisitions are playing an increasing important part in corporate strategies, stimulated by the scramble for market position in the new Europe.

Ex: In 1983 the EC funded contracts which entailed the procurement of goods and services amounting to 400 million pounds.

Ex: These details are primarily useful as a record of expenditure or to organisations or individuals contemplating the purchase of a work.

Ex: Research libraries use them to fill in titles that may have been missed in the initial round of purchasing.

Ex: CACs have dealt with pre- shopping advice, education on consumers' rights and complaints about goods and services, advising the client and often obtaining expert assessments.

Ex: The book and serial industry has recently witnessed several takeovers, buy-outs, and mergers.

Ex: The library has a centre for buying, cataloguing and storing microform, audio-visual media and other non-book material.

Ex: This would herald the age of computer commuting, with customers dialling for bank statements and shopping orders.

Ex: The seminar will deal with the processes of developing and ensuring corporate buy-in to a digital preservation policy.

Ex: Of course, the open source zealots are still likely to be up in arms about what they perceive to be propertisation of communal intellectual resources.

* adquisición por compra o intercambio = non-gratuitous acquisition.

* agente inteligente de compras = shopping agent.

* anuncio de compra-venta = classified advertisement.

* anuncio de compra-venta = classified ad.

* asesoramiento antes de la compra = pre-shopping advice.

* bolsa de la compra = shopping bag, grocery bag, carrier bag.

* bolsa para la compra = shopping bag, carrier bag.

* buena compra = good buy.

* carrito de la compra = shopping trolley, shopping cart.

* carro de la compra = shopping cart, shopping trolley.

* catálogo comercial de compra por correo = mail order catalogue.

* cesta de la compra = food bill, shopping basket, food basket.

* cesta de la compra, la = cost of living index.

* compañía de compra por alquiler = hire-purchase company.

* compra a plazos apartando el producto = layaway, lay-by.

* compra compulsiva = impulse shopping.

* compra de acciones = shareholding.

* compra de libros = book buying [book-buying], book supply, book purchasing.

* compra desaforada = shopping spree.

* compra desde casa = armchair shopping.

* compra de una compañía por otra = corporate takeover.

* compra en línea = online shopping.

* compra impulsiva = impulse buy.

* compra por correo = mail-order.

* compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.

* compra-venta de coches = auto dealer.

* comprobante de compra = proof of purchase.

* derecho preferente de compra = preemption [pre-emption].

* descuento por compra al por mayor = bulk deal, bulk rate, bulk rate discount.

* día de compras = shopping trip.

* fiebre de las compras = shopping fever.

* garantía de compra = proof of purchase.

* hábito de compra = shopping habit, buying habit, purchasing habit, consumption habit.

* hacer compras = do + shopping.

* hacer una compra = make + a purchase.

* ir de compras = go + shopping.

* lista de compra = shopping list.

* mejor compra = best buy.

* oferta de compra de una compañía por otra = takeover bid.

* opción de compra = buying option, purchasing option.

* opción de compra de acciones = stock option.

* orden de compra = purchase order.

* plan de compra = purchase plan.

* política de compras = purchasing policy.

* precio de compra = purchase price.

* precio especial por compra al por mayor = bulk deal.

* préstamo para compra de coche = car loan.

* presupuesto para la compra de libros = book funds [bookfunds].

* presupuesto para la compra de material = materials budget.

* prueba de compra = proof of purchase.

* sección de compras = acquisitions department, order department.

* servicio de compra por televisión = teleshopping service.

* servicio de compras = acquisition(s) service.

* tienda de compras por Internet = online store.

* viaje de compras = shopping trip.

* * *

compra

feminine

1

(acción): hemos estado muy ocupados con la compra de la casa we've been very busy with buying the house o ( frml) with the house purchase

has hecho una excelente compra that was a good buy

ir de compras to go shopping

hicimos algunas compras we did some shopping o we bought a few things

hacer la compra ( Esp) or ( AmL) las compras para la semana to do the weekly shopping o ( colloq) shop

la lista de la compra ( Esp) or ( AmL) las compras the shopping list

jefe de compras chief buyer

la compra de dos o más artículos le da derecho a participar en nuestro sorteo if you purchase two or more items you will be eligible o the purchase of two or more items makes you eligible to take part in our draw

estar de compras ( fam euf); to be in the family way ( colloq euph)

2 (cosa comprada) buy, purchase ( frml)

este vestido fue una buena/mala compra this dress was a good/bad buy

pon la compra en la cocina ( Esp); put what you've bought in the kitchen, put the shopping in the kitchen ( BrE)

* * *

Del verbo comprar: ( conjugate comprar)

compra es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
compra
comprar
compra sustantivo femenino
a) ( acción):

◊ ir de compras to go shopping;

hacer las compras or (Esp) la compra to do the shopping;
compra por teléfono teleshopping
b) ( cosa comprada) buy, purchase (frml);

◊ fue una buena compra it was a good buy

comprar ( conjugate comprar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹casa/regalo/comida› to buy, purchase (frml);

comprale algo a algn ( a quien lo vende) to buy sth from sb;
( a quien lo recibe) to buy sth for sb
b) (fam) ( sobornar) to buy (colloq)

compra sustantivo femenino
1 (acción) buying
ir de compras, to go shopping
2 (objeto comprado) purchase, buy
(conjunto de alimentos) shopping
comprar verbo transitivo
1 to buy: compramos el ordenador a plazos, we bought the computer on hire purchase
le compra el periódico a Lucía, (para Lucía) he buys the newspaper for Lucia
(Lucía lo vende) he buys the newspaper from Lucia
2 figurado (sobornar) to bribe, buy off
' compra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adquisición
- amortizar
- bolsa
- carrito
- comprar
- desorbitar
- dos
- las
- negociar
- opción
- salida
- súper
- barato
- cambiar
- canasta
- catálogo
- clavar
- ganga
- gestionar
- hacer
- importe
- mandado
- pilón
- práctico
- realizar
- talón
English:
bag
- bring up
- buy
- deposit
- first-time
- for
- insider dealing
- insider trading
- leverage
- outsourcing
- purchase
- shopping
- shopping bag
- throw in
- trolley
- any
- business
- deal
- dealer
- first
- free
- hire
- take
- teleshopping
- whichever

* * *

compra nf

1. [adquisición] purchase;

están considerando la compra de un automóvil they are thinking about o considering buying a car;

por la compra de una enciclopedia te regalan un televisor if you buy an encyclopedia, they'll give you a television free;

hacer Esp [m5] la compra o Am [m5] las compras to do the shopping;

hago Esp [m5] la compra o Am [m5] las compras los viernes I do the shopping on Fridays;

ir de compras to go shopping

Comp
compra apalancada leverage buyout;
compra al contado [en efectivo] cash purchase;
Am compra en cuotas Br hire-purchase, US installment plan;
compra al por mayor bulk buying;

compra a plazos Br hire-purchase, US installment plan

2. [objeto adquirido] purchase, buy;

esta impresora fue una excelente compra this printer was a really good buy;

algunos supermercados te llevan la compra a casa some supermarkets deliver your shopping to your home;

deja la compra sobre la mesa leave the shopping on the table

Comp
compra impulsiva o por impulso impulse buy
* * *

compra

f

1 acción purchase;

hacer la compra, ir a la compra do the shopping;

ir de compras go shopping

2 ( cosa comprada) purchase, buy

* * *

compra nf

1) : purchase

2)

ir de compras : to go shopping

3)

orden de compra : purchase order

* * *

compra n (adquisición) purchase / buy

con este coche hemos hecho una buena compra this car was a good buy

hacer la compra to do the shopping

Spanish-English dictionary > compra
6 service

(the ships of a country that are employed in trading, and their crews: His son has joined the merchant navy.) handelsflåte

betjening

I
subst. \/ˈsɜːvɪs\/

1) tjeneste, tjenestegjøring

2) ( militærvesen) militærtjeneste, tjenestegjøring, krigstjeneste

3) ( militærvesen) forsvarsgren, tjenestegren, forsvar

4) ( militærvesen) tjenestetid

5) ( militærvesen) betjening, behandling

• correct service of a gun is important

det er viktig å behandle et skytevåpen korrekt

6) ( flertall services) service, tjeneste, samfunnstjeneste

• we provide an information service

vi tilbyr informasjonstjeneste

7) ( om offentlige tjenester) etat, verk, tjeneste, vesen, -verk, -vesen, forvaltning

• she works in the health service

hun jobber i helsevesenet

• the police service is a pillar of society

politietaten er en samfunnets støtte

• some political parties prioritize services for elderly people

noen partier prioriterer eldreomsorg

8) (teknikk osv.) service, regelmessig ettersyn

• take the car in for service every 10, 000 kilometres

sett bilen på service for hver 10 000 kilometer

9) servering, betjening, service

• the service was poor

servicen var dårlig

10) servise

• the dinner service is valuable

middagsserviset er verdifullt

• my mother left me that tea service

jeg arvet det teserviset av min mor

11) tjeneste, hjelp, nytte, bruk

• you have done me a service

du har gjort meg en tjeneste

• that car may be of great service to you

den bilen kan bli til god nytte for deg, du kan få god bruk for den bilen

• is it still in service?

er den fremdeles i bruk?

• our company provides excellent customer service

vårt firma yter utmerket kundeservice

• you need the services of a doctor

du trenger legehjelp

12) ( samferdsel) forbindelse, trafikk, turer, linje, strekning

• there is a direct service from London Paddington to Reading

det er direkte forbindelse mellom London Paddington og Reading

• summer services resume next week

sommerrutene trår i kraft igjen neste uke

13) ( kirkelig) gudstjeneste, messe, forrettelse, rituale

• shall we meet after service?

skal vi møtes etter gudstjenesten?

14) ( sport) serve(ball)

• whose service is it?

hvem har serven?

15) ( jus) kunngjøring, forkynnelse, meddelelse

16) ( økonomi) tjenesteytelse

• Norway's export of goods and services

Norges eksport av varer og tjenester

17) ( økonomi) ytelse, renter og avdrag

18) ( sjøfart) omfletting av tau, kledning av tau

19) ( landbruk) bedekning, paring

20) ( gammeldags) ærbødig hilsen

be at somebody's service stå til noens tjeneste

be in somebody's service være i tjeneste hos noen

be of service to somebody hjelpe noen, være noen til hjelp, være til nytte for noen

be on active service være i aktiv tjeneste gjøre krigstjeneste

branch of service ( militærvesen) våpenart, forsvarsgren

do good service to somebody være til stor nytte for noen

do\/perform the service of gjøre tjeneste som, tjenestegjøre som

do\/render service tjenestegjøre, gjøre tjeneste

enlist something in one's service ta noe i bruk

enter the service of somebody la seg feste hos noen, trå i tjeneste for noen

find something of service ha nytte av noe

fit for service tjenestedyktig

goods and services ( økonomi) varer og tjenester

go out to service eller go into service gå\/reise ut og tjene, ta seg huspost

go to service gå til gudstjeneste, gå til kirken

local authority service kommunal tjeneste

offer\/tender one's services tilby sine tjenester

On His\/Her Majesty's Service ( som påskrift) tjenesteforsendelse

on service i tjeneste, i tjenestesammenheng

• is he still on active service?

er han fremdeles i aktiv tjeneste?

out of service uten tjeneste, ledig, arbeidsløs ute av drift

• they put my telephone out of service

de sperret telefonen min

innstilt, ute av drift

the postal services postvesenet

public medical service offentlig helsevesen

put into service ta i bruk sette i trafikk

retire from service avgå, søke avskjed, si opp

round-the-clock service døgnet-rundt-service

see active service kjempe, være med i krigen

• he saw active service on the front

han kjempet ved fronten

see some\/good service ( overført) være med på litt av hvert, oppleve mye

• they have seen some service together

de har opplevd mye sammen

• this coat has seen good service

denne jakken er godt brukt

service of a writ forkynnelse av stevning

social services sosialomsorg, sosialtjeneste

take service with feste seg bort hos, ta tjeneste hos

take somebody into one's service ta noen i tjeneste, ansette noen
II
verb \/ˈsɜːvɪs\/

1) betjene

• I cannot service my loan any longer

jeg kan ikke betjene lånet mitt lenger

2) yte service (på)

3) ta inn for service, etterse

• I must have my car serviced

jeg må ha bilen på service

English-Norwegian dictionary > service
7 Warenbevorschusser

Warenbevorschusser
factor;
• Warenbevorschussung warehouse loan, commodity advance, advance against products, factoring, (Bilanz) selling accounts receivable outright (US);
• Warenbevorschussung vornehmen to advance against products;
• Warenbewegung merchandise movement;
• Waren- und Kapitalbewegung goods and capital movement;
• Warenbewertung evaluation of goods, merchandise (inventory) valuation;
• Warenbewirtschaftung commodity control, rationing of goods;
• Warenbewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen rationing arrangements;
• Warenbezeichnung description of goods, description (denomination) of commodities, merchandise (trade) description, commercial mark, (Bahn) billing reference;
• Warenbezieher importer;
• Warenbezug procurement of goods;
• Warenbezug zu verbilligten Preisen cooperative purchasing;
• Warenbezugsprämie trading stamp;
• Warenbezugsschein purchase (purchasing) permit;
• Waren- und Dienstleistungsbilanz balance of trade in goods and services, balance of payments on current account;
• Warenbonuskredit commercial acceptance credit;
• Warenbörse produce exchange, commodity exchange (COMEX), commodity market;
• überseeisches Warenbörsengeschäft merchanting (Br.);
• Warenbuchhaltung merchandise accounting;
• kostenloses Warendarlehen loan for exchange;
• Warendeckung commodity coverage;
• Warendeklaration specification [of merchandise];
• Warendepot goods depository, warehouse (US);
• Warendiskont trade discount;
• Warendisposition stock holding;
• Warendumping betreiben to dump goods;
• Wareneigentümer owner of the goods, holder of stocks;
• Wareneinfuhr entry (importation) of goods, import of commodities, introduction of goods into a country;
• Wareneinfuhr in handelsüblichen Mindestmengen importation of goods in minimum commercial quantities;
• Wareneinfuhrbilanz balance of merchandise imports;
• Wareneingang goods received, incoming goods (stocks), arrival (coming-in) of goods, stock receipt;
• Warenein- undWarenausgang purchase and sale of goods;
• Wareneingang bestätigen (quittieren) to sign for the goods.

Business german-english dictionary > Warenbevorschusser
8 consumer protection

Mktg

the safeguarding of consumer interests in terms of quality, price, and safety, usually within a statutory framework. The growing purchasing power of consumers and the rise in consumerism from the late 1950s onward led to increased demands for protection against unsafe goods and services and unscrupulous trading practices.

The ultimate business dictionary > consumer protection
9 trade negotiations

межд. эк. торговые переговоры (переговоры по вопросам, касающимся торгового режима; составная часть экономической политики стран; в процессе проведения переговоров подписываются соглашения, обеспечивающие юридическую базу и формулирующие основные правила международной торговли)

Trade negotiations are about setting the rules nations will follow in trading goods and services. — Торговые переговоры призваны установить правила, которым будут следовать страны в торговле товарами и услугами.

See:

trade round, Geneva Round, Annecy Round, Torquay Round, Dillon Round, Kennedy Round, Tokyo Round, Uruguay Round, Doha Round, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, trade agreement, multilateralism, multilateral trade negotiations, sectoral trade negotiations, bilateralism, Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations, Trade Negotiations Committee

Англо-русский экономический словарь > trade negotiations
10 commerce

Fin

the large-scale buying and selling of goods and services, usually applied to trading between different states or countries

The ultimate business dictionary > commerce
11 countertrade

Econ

a variety of reciprocal trading practices. This umbrella term encompasses the direct exchange of goods for goods (or barter) where no cash changes hands to more complex variations; counterpurchase, which involves a traditional export transaction plus the commitment of the exporter to buy additional goods or services from that country; and buy-back, in which the supplier of plant or equipment is paid from the future proceeds resulting from the use of the plant. Countertrade conditions vary widely from country to country and can be costly and administratively cumbersome.

The ultimate business dictionary > countertrade
12 at a premium

1)

а) фин., бирж. с премией, по цене выше номинала (о ценной бумаге, размещаемой или торгуемой на вторичном рынке по цене выше номинал)

COMBS:

at a $10 premium, at a premium of $10 — с премией в размере $10

at a 5% premium — с 5-процентной премией, с премией в размере 5%

at a premium to [over\] — с премией к (цене, номиналу), с премией сверх (цены, номинала)

at a premium over [to\] market price — с премией к рыночной цене

to issue at a premium — выпускать [эмитировать\] с премией, выпускать по цене выше номинала

to be issued at a premium — выпускаться [эмитироваться\] с премией [по цене выше номинала\]

to be placed at a premium — размещаться с премией, размещаться по цене выше номинала

When a share is traded at a premium for years, it's good for investors, employees, and management. — Когда акция в течение многих лет торгуется с премией [по цене выше номинала\], это хорошо и для инвесторов, и для работников, и для руководства.

to buy [to purchase\] (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — покупать (что-л.) с премией

to sell (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — продавать (что-л.) с премией

The proposal may also deprive our Class A stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices. — Этот проект также может лишить держателей наших акций класса "А" возможности продать акции с премией по отношению к превалирующим рыночным ценам.

Syn:

above par

Ant:

premium 1. 3) а)

See:

premium 1. 3) б) at par

б) торг. с премией, с надбавкой, по завышенной цене (напр., о товарах, продаваемых по цене выше обычной или выше, чем цены конкурентов)

COMBS:

at a $10 premium, at a premium of $10 — с премией [надбавкой\] в размере $10

at a 5% premium — с 5-процентной премией [надбавкой\], с премией [надбавкой\] в размере 5%

at a premium to [over\] (smth.) — по более высокой цене, чем (что-л.), с премией к (чему-л.), с премией по отношению к (чему-л.)

Platinum usually trades at a premium to gold. — Платина обычно продается по более высокой цене, чем золото.

Currently, US small caps are trading at a 15.7 per cent premium to large caps. — В настоящее время, акции американских компаний с маленькой капитализацией по сравнению с акциями компаний с большой капитализацией торгуются с премией в размере 15,7%.

to buy [to purchase\] (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — покупать (что-л.) с премией [с надбавкой, по более высокой цене\]

to sell (smth.) at a premium/at a premium price — продавать (что-л.) с премией [с надбавкой, по более высокой цене\]

Alternatively, it can sell its goods or services at a premium to the cost leader by pursuing a strategy of differentiation. — Или, он может продавать свои товары и услуги по цене выше, чем у лидера по затратам, придерживаясь стратегии диверсификации.

It sells at a premium price compared to regular apple juice. — По сравнению с обычным яблочным соком, этот сок продается по более высокой цене.

Ant:

premium 1. 3) а)

See:

premium 1. 3) а)

2) общ. очень модный, в моде; в большом почете; пользующийся большим спросом

This is a trip to suit those for whom time is not at a premium. — Этот тур предназначен для тех, кто не очень дорожит временем.

Space is at a premium, with products stored closely together and stacked on high racks in narrow aisles and walkways. — Места не хватает, поэтому товары хранятся близко друг к другу и укладываются на высоких стойках в узких проходах и дорожках.

Ant:

premium 1. 3) а)

* * *
с премией: о цене акции, которая выше цены эмиссии или номинальной стоимости.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > at a premium
13 рыночный фактор
1. Faktormarkt
рыночный фактор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

factor market
Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- factor market
DE
- Faktormarkt
FR
- marché des facteurs de production
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > рыночный фактор
14 marché des facteurs de production
1. рыночный фактор
рыночный фактор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

factor market
Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- factor market
DE
- Faktormarkt
FR
- marché des facteurs de production
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > marché des facteurs de production
15 Faktormarkt
1. рыночный фактор
рыночный фактор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

factor market
Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- factor market
DE
- Faktormarkt
FR
- marché des facteurs de production
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Faktormarkt
16 рыночный фактор
1. factor market
рыночный фактор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

factor market
Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- factor market
DE
- Faktormarkt
FR
- marché des facteurs de production
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > рыночный фактор
17 рыночный фактор
1. marché des facteurs de production
рыночный фактор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

factor market
Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- factor market
DE
- Faktormarkt
FR
- marché des facteurs de production
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > рыночный фактор
18 factor market
1. рыночный фактор
рыночный фактор
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

factor market
Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- factor market
DE
- Faktormarkt
FR
- marché des facteurs de production
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > factor market
19 Gewerbe

Gewerbe n GEN, IND business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities); 2. industry (im Sinne von ‚gewerbliche Wirtschaft’, including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming); 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe); 6. last but not least: the world’s oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbstständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) • ein Gewerbe betreiben als GEN trade as • ein Gewerbe treiben als GEN trade as
* * *

n <Geschäft, Ind> business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects

: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities) ; 2. industry (im Sinne von 'gewerbliche Wirtschaft', including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming) ; 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining ; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe ; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe) ; 6. last but not least: the world's oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) ■ ein Gewerbe betreiben als < Geschäft> trade as ■ ein Gewerbe treiben als < Geschäft> trade as
--------
: damit verbundene Gewerbe

< Ind> allied industries, associated industries

* * *
Gewerbe
business, trade, (Beruf) calling, profession, occupation, vocation, shop, job (US), (Handwerk) craft, (Industrie) industry, (Industriezweig) line of business, branch of industry;
• ambulantes Gewerbe itinerant trade (trading), runaway shop, travelling vendors, peddlery (US), pedlary (Br.), peddling;;
• Anstoß erregendes Gewerbe offensive trade;
• aufblühendes Gewerbe boom industry;
• noch in der Entstehung begriffenes Gewerbe embryo industry;
• besonderes Gewerbe particular branch;
• im kleinsten Umfang betriebenes Gewerbe microbusiness;
• Dienst leistendes Gewerbe service industries;
• dunkles Gewerbe shady business;
• ehrbares Gewerbe honest trade, gentle calling;
• einträgliches Gewerbe profitable trade;
• energieintensive Gewerbe energy-intense industries;
• gefährliches Gewerbe dangerous trade (industry);
• genehmigungspflichtiges Gewerbe trade subject to a licence, licence case (US);
• gesundheitsschädliches Gewerbe offensive trade;
• grafisches Gewerbe printing trade;
• handwerkliches Gewerbe handicraft [business], craftman's establishment;
• kaufmännisches Gewerbe merchanthood, merchantry, business (commercial) occupation;
• konzessioniertes Gewerbe licensed traffic;
• landwirtschaftliches Gewerbe non-commercial trade;
• im öffentlichen Interesse liegendes Gewerbe business affected with a public interest;
• modeabhängiges Gewerbe fashionable trade;
• nützliches Gewerbe useful trade;
• ortsansässiges Gewerbe local trade;
• nicht registriertes Gewerbe unincorporated enterprise;
• schmutziges Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• sittenwidriges Gewerbe immoral trade;
• stehendes Gewerbe non-itinerant trading;
• durch Industriealisierung überholtes Gewerbe industry by-passed by industrialization;
• unterentlohntes Gewerbe sweatshop industry;
• verbotenes Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• zünftiges Gewerbe incorporated trade;
• Handel und Gewerbe commerce and industry;
• Gewerbe belästigender Art noxious trade;
• Gewerbe der Steuerumgehung tax avoidance industry;
• Gewerbe im Umherziehen runaway shop, itinerant trade (trading), peddlery, pedlary;
• sein Kapital in einem Gewerbe anlegen to buy o. s. into an industry;
• Gewerbe anmelden to register a trade (business);
• Gewerbe ansiedeln to locate industry;
• Gewerbe ausüben (betreiben) to carry on (drive, exercise, ply, pursue, follow) a trade, to run a business (US);
• Gewerbe beginnen to open a trade;
• Gewerbe nach kaufmännischen Gesichtspunkten betreiben to carry on a trade on a commercial basis;
• auf Gewinn gerichtetes Gewerbe betreiben to carry on business in common with a view to profit;
• Gewerbe erlernen to learn a trade;
• sein Gewerbe bei erkannter Insolvenz fortsetzen to continue trading after knowledge of insolvency;
• etw. zum Gewerbe machen to professionalize s. th.;
• einem Gewerbe nachgehen to prosecute (ply) a trade, to pursue a line of business;
• seinem Gewerbe nachgehen to go about one’s lawful occasions;
• Gewerbeanmeldung registration of business;
• Gewerbeantrag business application;
• Gewerbeantragsteller commercial applicant;
• Gewerbeaufseher factory inspector, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsicht factory (labo(u)r, trade) inspection;
• Gewerbeaufsichtamt factory inspectorate division, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsichtswesen factoryship;
• Gewerbeausbildung industrial training;
• Gewerbeausbildungsgesetz Industrial Training Act (Br.);
• Gewerbeausschuss trade committee;
• Gewerbeausschuss für das Hotel- und Gaststättenwesen Hotel and Catering Industry Board (Br.);
• Gewerbeausstellung industrial (trade) exhibition, trade fair (Br.);
• Gewerbeausübung exercise (pursuit, conduct) of a trade;
• Gewerbebank industrial bank;
• Gewerbebeeinträchtigung interference with trade;
• Gewerbe befugnis, Gewerbeberechtigung [business (trade)] licence, commercial privilege, letters of business (Br.), concession (US);
• ausschließliche Gewerbeberechtigung monopoly;
• Gewerbeberechtigung entziehen to withdraw the operating licence;
• Gewerbebesteuerung business taxation.

Business german-english dictionary > Gewerbe
20 act

1. сущ.
1) общ. дело, поступок, деяние; действие, акт

condemn the attack as an act of mindless violence — осудить нападение как акт бессмысленного насилия

criminal act — преступное деяние [действие\], преступление

caught in the act of stealing — пойманный при совершении кражи

See:

act of grace, act of God

2)

а) юр. (законодательный) акт, закон, постановление

Stock Exchange Act — закон "О фондовой бирже"

Act of Congress — закон, принятый конгрессом

Act of Parliament — закон, принятый парламентом

under the act — по закону, в соответствии с законом

under the Bankruptcy Act — по закону [в соответствии с законом\] "О банкротстве"

See:

Act of Congress, Act of Parliament, uniform act, Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1974 Trade Act, Act of Settlement 1700, Administration of Estates Act 1925, African Growth and Opportunity Act, Agricultural Trade Act, Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act, Americans with Disabilities Act, Andean Trade Preference Act, Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act, Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876, Arms Export Control Act, Bank Export Services Act, Bills of Lading Act 1855, Buy American Act, Byrnes Act, Canada Act 1982, Cargo Preference Act, Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971, Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992, Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of 1936, Carriage of Goods by Water Act, Civil Rights Act of 1866, Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, Companies Act 1985, Competition Act 1998, Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act, Courts Act 1971, Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, Crown Proceedings Act 1947, Customs Act, Customs Modernization Act, Data Protection Act 1998, Edge Act, Employment Act 1980, Employment Protection Act 1975, European Communities Act 1972, Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, Equal Pay Act, Export Administration Act, Export Trading Company Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, Financial Services Act 1986, Food Stamp Act, Foreign Agents Registration Act, Foreign Bank Supervision Enhancement Act, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act, Foreign Trade Zones Act, Freedom of Information Act 2000, FTZ Act, Government of Ireland Act 1920, Hatch Act, Harter Act, Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act, Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, House of Lords Act 1999, Human Rights Act 1998, Immigration Act 1971, Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, Industrial Relations Act 1988, Interception of Telecommunications Act 1985, Interception of Telecommunications Act 1985, International Banking Act, International Emergency Economic Powers Act, Investigatory Powers Act 2000, Investment Canada Act, Life Peerages Act 1958, Local Government Act 1972, Local Government Act 1992, Ministerial and Other Salaries Act 1975, Mod Act, North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, National Health Service Reorganization Act 1973, Obscene Publications Act 1964, Official Secrets Act 1989, Omnibus Trade And Competitiveness Act, Organic Act of Guam, Parliament Act 1949, Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967, Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, Peerages Act 1963, Pensions Act 1995, Pitt's Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802, Police and Criminal Evidence Act, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 I 1. 2), Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 I 1. 2)

б) юр., амер. (используется как технический термин, обозначающий законопроект, принятый одной из палат в виде окончательного законопроекта)

See:

bill, Congress

в) юр. акт, (официальный) документ, постановление (напр., официально зафиксированное решение какой-л. комиссии)

See:

commission, administrative act
2. гл.
1) общ. действовать, предпринимать определенные действия; делать что-л.; принимать участие (в каком-л. деле и т. д.)

to be quick to act — действовать быстро

to act up to a promise — сдержать обещание

to act for [on\] behalf of smb. — действовать от чьего-л. имени

to act on behalf of — действовать от чьего-л. имени, представлять кого-л.

to act by deputy — действовать через заместителя [представителя\]

to act on [upon\] smth. — действовать в соответствии с чем-л.

to act on [upon\] an order — действовать по приказу

to act from [out of\] smth. — действовать исходя из чего-л.

They should act to solve the problem. — Им следует действовать, чтобы решить проблему.

It is time to act. — Пора действовать.

He was quick to act. — Он сразу же откликнулся.

2) общ. работать, служить, действовать (в качестве кого-л.), выполнять функции

to act as smb's replacement — замещать кого-л.

to act as a trustee — действовать в качестве доверенного лица

She currently acts as accountant. — В данный момент она исполняет функции бухгалтера.

* * *
advance corporation tax Association of Corporate Treasurers
* * *

Бухгалтерия и аудит

см. advance corporation tax

Англо-русский экономический словарь > act

Страницы

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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trading of goods and services

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